Submission Tilte
Polymeric Nano-carriers as Emerging Antibacterial Nanomedicine for Biomedical Applications
Submission Abstract:
Nanoparticles (NPs) possess immense potential in diverse areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Although physical and chemical synthesis methods are well established, their limitations—mainly toxicity and environmental harm—have encouraged the shift toward green synthesis. This eco-friendly approach uses microorganisms, algae, and plant-based polymers to produce nanoparticles that are cost-effective, biologically safe, and environmentally sustainable.
Green-synthesized nanoparticles vary in type and size and exhibit significant medicinal properties, including anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant activities. Their strong therapeutic potential makes them promising candidates for cancer treatment. Microorganisms and natural polymers can effectively accumulate and reduce inorganic metal ions, though their efficiency varies across biological systems. In drug delivery and tissue engineering, nanotechnology has enabled major advancements, providing more precise therapeutic delivery and supporting progress in translational pharmaceutical research.
Among natural polymers, chitosan is a well-recognized stabilizer for metallic nanoparticles (MNPs). Despite being less explored than other materials, chitosan plays a crucial role in controlling NP shape and size, contributing to stable and effective biomedical applications. Similarly, gum acacia—a natural biopolymer—acts as both a reducing and stabilizing agent in MNP synthesis. Studying how metal salt and gum acacia concentrations influence NP formation helps optimize this green synthesis process.
Plant-based green synthesis continues to gain attention due to its feasibility and minimal environmental impact. Nanoparticles produced through plant extracts possess notable antimicrobial, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties, making them suitable for various biomedical applications. Green nanocarriers have also emerged as an important tool in therapeutic delivery. They enhance drug solubility, increase bioavailability, and enable targeted delivery, which is especially valuable in cancer therapy. Several studies indicate that green-based nanocarriers can provide more specific and effective cancer treatments.
Another rising concern is bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics. Metallic nanoparticles offer a promising alternative due to their ability to interact with biomolecules and cellular structures—such as DNA, lysosomes, ribosomes, and enzymes—thereby influencing oxidative stress, gene expression, protein activity, and cell membrane permeability. This broad mode of action makes them valuable against drug-resistant bacteria.
The growing need for safe, economical synthesis methods has strengthened interest in green approaches. Living organisms—including plant cells, fungi, yeast, and bacteria—can convert metal ions into nanoparticles through cellular metabolites, resulting in biogenic MNPs that demonstrate potential effectiveness in drug therapy and bacterial resistance management.
Nanotechnology is also transforming cardiovascular disease (CVD) treatment. Current conventional drugs face challenges such as limited water solubility, poor targeting, and drug resistance. Nano-drug delivery systems (NDDSs) provide an alternative by improving bioavailability, enabling controlled release, and supporting targeted therapy. Future prospects include gene-based delivery systems, which may further advance the development of cardiovascular treatments.