Submission Tilte
Recent Trends in GLP‑1 Formulations and Drug Delivery: Advances, Opportunities, and Challenges
Submission Abstract:
Glucagon‑like peptide‑1 receptor agonists (GLP‑1 RAs) have revolutionized the management of type 2 diabetes and obesity, with emerging benefits across cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic diseases. However, their peptide nature poses significant challenges for formulation and delivery. Recent advances (2022–2025) have focused on innovative delivery modalities, including long‑acting injectables, depot systems, microneedle patches, oral peptide formulations, and non‑peptide small‑molecule agonists. Novel technologies such as stimuli‑responsive hydrogels, nanocarriers, and modular drug‑device combination products are expanding the delivery toolbox. This review aims to summarize current innovations in GLP‑1 formulations and delivery systems, highlight enabling technologies, and analyze regulatory and translational considerations. Emphasis will be placed on patient‑centric design, safety, manufacturability, and the potential of next‑generation systems, including gene‑ and cell‑based approaches. The review will provide a comprehensive overview of where the field stands today and the directions for the future, addressing both opportunities and persisting challenges in GLP‑1 drug delivery.